Munsell and the achromatic value scale: Updated 09/05

Achromatic value scale:

The study of value can be elusive and impacted by relevant but subjective factors (i.e.; strength of illumination, pigment, experience and application). Establishing a standard tool such as a value scale is useful in the pursuit of understanding value and the study of light and shadow.  The achromatic scale is a great tool for the beginning artists as well as experienced ones. Often experienced painters use the scale as a way to sort out color and value questions as a means to picture making.

In our case, understanding and applying the concepts of the value scale is considered a foundational tool when establishing sculptural weight, also defined as the primary goal of the class.

Our standard will be an eleven step achromatic value scale modeled after Albert Munsell’s color system.
(more on Munsell, see link)

Transitional steps and form:
Evaluate the degree of lightness and darkness in both scales but be cognizant of the value shift between the
transitional steps in both keys, this should underscore the subjective nature of value.

As noted, value is elusive and subjective but we need to be able to discuss it using common visual language.  The format of the the scale consists of 11 transitional steps and two keys; high and low.
The low key consists of transitional steps labeled 1-4 and the high key consists of steps 6-9.
Zero is black, 10 is white and five is viewed as the middle value.

Elements of the value scale: 

• 11 total steps or squares
• Low key values: 1-4
• High key values: 6-9
• Middle value: 5
• Black: 0
• White: 10
   

Practical value application and theory:
The pursuit of understanding value requires you to see and record degrees of light and dark. The artist must learn to see value relationships, rather than be influenced by what is known as local value, which can be perceived only when seen free of illumination (the effect of light and shadow). (source: The Guide to Drawing)

When Using Rembrandt style lighting to illuminate your object, the object will reveal to you its value structure. You should be able to see the low key values on the dark side of the object or in the shadow area and the high key values on the illuminated side.

Black will be visible where the object comes into contact with its surface and your brightest highlight will be white.

Pit-falls:

Avoid recording the color instead of the value, however color has inherent value

Control illumination, remember additional light sources will make it difficult to record value

Don't lose sight of the primary goal of the class

Determine the real mass or volume of the subject and be mindful of its value structure

About Munsell

http://munsell.com/about-munsell-color/

Due: 0910:
achromatic scale- complete in paint or graphite

Due: 09/17

Obtain a paint mixing stick and use it as a substrate to create a value scale (complete this before class)

For Monday's class bring white, raw umber, walnut oil, palette paper, your stay wet palette plus your palette knife, brushes and a 8 x 10 canvas.